Circadian RhythmsĬircadian rhythm is a 24-hour internal clock that coordinates a wide range of processes in the body, including sleep. Light has dramatic effects on sleep, influencing circadian rhythm, melatonin production, and sleep cycles. Learning about the complex links between light and sleep allows you to set up your bedroom to be more conducive to consistent, high-quality sleep. From streetlights to office lighting to cell phones, artificial light is a constant part of modern life, brightening homes and the nighttime sky.ĭaily light exposure, including the type of light we see as well as when and how long we’re exposed to it, has a critical effect on sleep. While human biology evolved with sleep following the daily patterns of sunlight and darkness, ubiquitous electricity makes 24/7 illumination possible. Light also affects the production of melatonin, an essential sleep-promoting hormone. Light plays a central role in regulating circadian rhythm, the body’s internal clock that signals when to be alert and when to rest.
While most people intuitively know that it’s easier to sleep when it’s dark, the link between light and sleep goes much deeper. We complement the theoretical concepts and applications covered by large lists of free or open-source software implementations and publicly-available databases.Light is the most important external factor affecting sleep. We offer cross-references to allow the readers to navigate through the various topics. Given its encyclopedic nature, the intended mode of reading is non-linear. However, we wish that our encyclopedic presentation will offer a point of reference for the rich work that has been undertaken over the last decades, with some key insights for the future of forecasting theory and practice. We do not claim that this review is an exhaustive list of methods and applications. We then demonstrate how such theoretical concepts are applied in a variety of real-life contexts. We provide an overview of a wide range of theoretical, state-of-the-art models, methods, principles, and approaches to prepare, produce, organise, and evaluate forecasts. This article provides a non-systematic review of the theory and the practice of forecasting. The large number of forecasting applications calls for a diverse set of forecasting methods to tackle real-life challenges. The uncertainty that surrounds the future is both exciting and challenging, with individuals and organisations seeking to minimise risks and maximise utilities. Forecasting has always been at the forefront of decision making and planning.
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